The White Hole Cosmology was developed by Dr. Russel Humphreys. It
is more than a solution to the problem of distant star light, but also
an entire Young Earth Creationist cosmology.
He proposes an interesting answer to the question: " How old is the
Universe?" The answer is, " By what clock? " What is meant by
this question is that according to this model by a clock on Earth, the
Universe would only be a few thousand years old, but by a clock ate the
edge of the Universe, it would be billions of years old. The key to
this model is the idea that time was much slower on Earth, than distant
parts of the universe, on day 4 of creation.
This model has different starting assumptions from the big bang. Among
other things this Young Earth model is Biblical, while the Big Bang is
non Biblical.
The Big Bang cosmology is base on what is called the Copernican
principle. It is the idea that the universe is the same every were.
This is a basic assumption of the Big Bang. While popular literature
implies a universe that has a boundary and center, according to the
Copernican principle there is no boundary or center. According to Big
Bang theorists, mater fills all space with no boundary.
The Copernican principle is an arbitrary, evolutionary assumption. The
Bible contradicts the Copernican principle implying that the
Universe has a boundary and that the Earth is near the Center.
This is important because gravity depends on boundaries.
According to the Big Bang theory there is no boundary and there fore no
net gravitational force. The Biblical Universe has a boundary, with a
net gravitational force. The significance of this is the fact that
gravity slows time. This was predicted by General Relativity and has
been demonstrated by experiments.
The expansion of the cosmos is evident from both red shift and the
Bible.
Isaiah 40:22. It is he that sitteth upon the circle of the
earth, and the inhabitants thereof are as grasshoppers; that stretcheth
out the heavens as a curtain, and spreadeth them out as a tent to dwell
in:
Genesis 1:1-5
1. In the beginning God created the heaven and the earth.
2. And the earth was without form, and void; and darkness was
upon the face of the deep. And the Spirit of God moved upon the face of
the waters.
3. And God said, Let there be light: and there was light.
4. And God saw the light, that it was good: and God divided
the light from the darkness.
5. And God called the light Day, and the darkness he called
Night. And the evening and the morning were the first day.
Not to scale.
According to this theory the Deep was a large sphere of
water with the Earth a formless
undefined region of water a center.
Not to scale.
Genesis 1:6-8
6. And God said, Let there be a firmament in the midst of the
waters, and let it divide the waters from the waters.
7. And God made the firmament, and divided the waters which were
under the firmament from the waters which were above the firmament: and
it was so.
8. And God called the firmament Heaven. And the evening and the
morning were the second day.
The term firmament simply refers to an expanse or a space. God starts
expanding space for a space between the water above the firmament and
below the firmament. Some water stays inside the space and is later
used by God to make sun moon and stars.
Today the water above the firmament is still out there. It is probably
about 24 billion ly out and beyond the farthest galaxy.
Spalms148:1-4.
1. Praise ye the Lord. Praise ye the Lord from the heavens:
praise him in the heights.
2. Praise ye him, all his angels: praise ye him, all his
hosts.
3. Praise ye him, sun and moon: praise him, all ye stars of
light.
4. Praise him, ye heavens of heavens, and ye waters that be
above the heavens.
The continuing expansion of space cools thing down and the heat red
shifts to become the Cosmic Black body Radiation.
This huge sphere of water would have a mass of about 20 X that
of the visible universe would have produced a huge dent in space-time such that
the gravitational potential would produce be nearly that of a black hole. At
this point the Earth would be at the center of this sphere,
On day four as God created the stars the additional mass would push the Earth
below the critical point that in a back hole would be the event horizon. below
this point there would be not time since the time dimension would be imaginary
making it space like.
As the sphere of water expanded the galaxies would be polled out
of the timeless zone. The expansion would cause the star light to become red
shifted and the reduction in the gravitational potential \would cause the
additional red shift that has been interpreted as accelerating expansion.
Eventually the Earth would be pulled out of the collapsing
time less zone and out of the gravitational potential
On Earth the process takes no time at all, but billions of years in the rest
of the universe. The stars were made at this time and distant star light has
time to reached Earth. An observer at night on the fourth day on Earth would see
black sky and then suddenly the stars would appear all at the same time.
So during the six days of creation on Earth, billions of years passed
at edge of the universe, so that the age of Universe when Adam saw it,
was six days, Earth standard time but the light from distant stars
would still have time to reach us. The result is that distant objects
would appear old.
Here is a simple comparison between
the Big Bang and White Hole Cosmologies.
Bounded
+
Relativity
=
Young Earth Theory.
Unbounded
+
Relativity
=
Big
Bang Theory.
The basics of this theory are scientifically sound sense, if the
universe is bounded clock rates must be different and if the universe
was much smaller in the past, clock rates were vary different.
Time Dilation allows plenty of time in deep space for other
physical processes to occur, such as most of the theoretical stellar
life cycle galactic collisions and galactic windup.
The conclusion of this theory is that God used relativity to let us see
a young Universe, by time on Earth, which was slow on the Fourth day.
It is a good solution to the distant star light problem, being both
scientifically and Biblically Sound. The main problem is that it is
difficult to test, but no more so the Big Bang.
